Mineral deposits of canada a synthesis of major deposit types. Other rocks can be defined by relative abundances of key essential minerals. These deposits occur at or near the contact between the base of the. The emily manganiferous ore deposit fact sheet on the. Chemistry of seawater in some places promotes the deposition of mnoxide nodules. Part i is an overview of the economic value of mineral resources in canada. Field trip report april 29may 7 2019 memorial university. Geologists, are known to have more opinions than economists, so it should come as no surprise that the classification of mineral deposits, is an ongoing hot topic. Mineral deposits may emerge at the earths surface open deposits or be buried underground closed, or concealed, deposits.
A compilation 19052016 the 1,460 papers collected here represent more than a century of exploration and research in canada. Field trip report april 29may 7 2019 memorial university of. This map also depicts the location of the top 100 exploration and deposit appraisal projects for the given reference year. Starting in 2001, mineral technologies conducted the first metallurgical testing of 100 tonne bulk samples. Deposits are subdivided into series according to conditions of formation sedimentogenic, magmatogenic, and metamorphogenic, and the series in turn are broken down into groups, classes, and subclasses. Natural resources canada, canadian minerals yearbook, 1998. Calcite is a carbonate mineral with industrial, agricultural, medical and many other uses. The western part of the znpb province of the circummediterranean sea and alpine europe e. Jeffrey quarry, asbestos, les sources rcm, estrie, quebec, canada 4.
Of these, approximately 700 have recorded gold production 400 lode producers and 300 placer. Big data points to new minerals, new deposits canadian. It is intended both for academic researchers and especially for exploration geologists interested in mineral exploration in the northern part of the african continent. Mont sainthilaire, quebec, canada 34 x 32 x 10 and 22 x 12 x 6 and 17 x x 6 mm sold. Mineral deposits form in a variety of complex geologic settings such as continental magmatic arcs, sedimentary basins, and evaporite deposits. The details will be debated until the sun cools, but the broadbrush classification of mineral deposits is generally understood. Mineral deposits in morocco with kathryn goodenough morocco may 27, 2015 february 21, 2016 christopher spencer kathryn goodenough is a senior geologist at the british geological survey bgs, where she works on research in the ore deposits and commodities team and also acts as deputy to the director of bgs global. Part ii provides a current synthesis of economically important deposit types in canada that. This seg compilation contains 1,460 papers related to canadian mineral deposits that were published between 1905 and 2016 in economic geology n 1,272. The minerals and metals policy of the government of canada.
Mining companies have begun to explore technologies to exploit these deposits as they 720 years worth of cu and 60,000 years of. Geological association of canada, mineral deposits. Summary many jurisdictions have established digital databases describing elements of their mineral deposits and occur. The industry continues to play an essential role in canadas economy. Mineral exploration and deposit appraisal expenditures, by province and territory. Canadian mines and minerals plan natural resources canada. The nwt, and canada, entered a new era of mining with the opening of. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Geology and mineral deposits of nova scotia novascotia. Ontario toronto 800 50 50 50 100 50 150 200 kilometres 100 150 miles. Guide to mineral deposits in the northwest territories industry. Mineral deposits of canada a synthesis of major deposittypes. Ore deposits have formed at various periods over geological time from at least 3500 million years ago to the present day where mineral deposits are forming as part of natural earth processes both on land and on the seafloor.
The maps were compiled from information supplied by the mines branch of the department of mines and technical surveys. Coal production in washington hit a high in 2003 with an estimated total production of 6,232,000 short tons, yet production ceased in 2006. The most commonly listed primary commodities in canada mines are gold, copper, and silver. Mineral deposits definition and meaning collins english. Mineral deposit article about mineral deposit by the. Metals mining during the same general time period occurred on both sides of the cascade divide, but was largely. Sudbury major deposit types sicfootwall contact deposits. Whether a given mineral deposit is also an ore deposit depends on many factors other than the level of concentration and the size of the deposit. Natural resources canada geological survey of canada.
The geochemical, geochronological, mineralogical, and textural characteristics of cuau, auag, aupbzncu mineralizations, lead to characterize the mineral deposits as well as the spatial and. Mineral deposits form because some medium serves as a concentrating and transporting agent for the ore minerals, and some process subsequently causes the transporting agent to precipitate, or deposit, the minerals. Over the years this expanded into further testing resulting in the development of process flow sheets to deliver optimum separation of zircon and ilmenite. Bouabdellah and slack, 2016 host numerous ore deposits.
It provides jobs for more than 340,000 canadians, and is the economic foundation for some 150 communities in canadas rural and northern. Mineral deposits of canada a synthesis of major deposit. Jul 29, 20 geologists, are known to have more opinions than economists, so it should come as no surprise that the classification of mineral deposits, is an ongoing hot topic. Magnetite composition in nicupge deposits worldwide. Geology of canadian mineral deposit types, geological. Most undiscovered mineral resources are not exposed at the earths surface. The data in this map are based on natural resources canada s annual map 900a principal mineral areas, producing mines, and oil and gas fields in canada. Metals rarely occur in their pure native form, but are formed in nature combined with sulphur as minerals called sulphides or oxygen as minerals called oxides. Potash canada is the worlds largest potash producer and accounted for 29% of the worlds total potash in 2015. Then he must be thoroughly familiar with the many and varied species of earths.
Ore deposit is an economic term, while mineral deposit is a geologic term. Rock and mineral kits the most effective way to learn about rocks and minerals. Mineral deposits of north africa mohammed bouabdellah. With the oremineral is more or less material of no value, called gangue. Some rocks, such as limestone or quartzite, are composed primarily of one mineral calcite or aragonite in the case of limestone, and quartz in the latter case. Selections from seg and economic geology publications. Jeffrey mine, asbestos, les sources rcm, estrie, quebec, canada ex. Iv characteristics of mineral deposits maria boni encyclopedia of life support systems eolss mineral deposits can been classified into two broad categories.
A discussion paper canadian minerals and metals plan. Simplified geology and selected mineral deposits author. Today, canada is the leading producer of potash and is estimated to rank in the top five global producers of aluminum, diamonds, cobalt, nickel, platinum, tungsten, uranium and sulphur. Wayne david goodfellow, geological association of canada. Mineral deposit an accumulation of natural mineral raw material of industrial significance. Many important elements are found, on average, in the crust in very small amounts ppm ppb finding these elements in high concentrations is the exception and requires unusual geologic processes. Between 1858 and 20, about 32 million ounces were produced from lode deposits and 6 million ounces from. The quest for new mineral deposits is incessant, but until recently mineral discovery has been more a matter of luck than scientific prediction. Contained within the 3rd edition 1957 of the atlas of canada is a plate that shows 20 different maps of principal minerals across canada, circa 1955.
Hydrothermal mineral deposits are formed when minerals are deposited and concentrated from hot hydrothermal waters that are superheated by molten magma and ascend to spring at the earths surface. Canadian mineral deposits not being mined in 1989, mineral. Cuprosklodowskite mineral data, information about cuprosklodowskite, its properties and worldwide locations. Sugilite is a rare mineral and a gemstone best known for its vibrant pink to purple color. This volume presents an exhaustive overview of major orebodies and mineral deposits of north africa. Nova scotia department of natural resources mineral resources branch information circular me 52, 1996. They include descriptions of host rocks, mineralogy, alteration, tectonic setting, associations, genetic models, and exploration guides, and give typical examples with grades and tonnages. Mineral deposit formation of mineral deposits britannica. Iv characteristics of mineral deposits maria boni encyclopedia of life support systems eolss and seams in the rocks.
All ore deposits are mineral deposits, but the reverse is not true. The emily manganiferous ore deposit fact sheet on the project as of december 2014. An ore is defined as a mineral or rock from which some valuable constituent, usually a metal, can be profitably extracted. Oct 25, 2010 mining for mineral resources has played a central role in the history of canadas settlement and the development of its industrial economy. Electronic files geological association of canada mineral deposits division special publication no. The occurrence of a reeenriched mineral does not necessarily correlate with economic feasibility of mining that mineral deposit. Mineral deposits of canada a synthesis of major deposittypes, district metallogeny, the. Ontario gold mines filter 239 gold mines by commodity, disposition, development status, and record type in ontario. The british columbia geological surveys minfile database lists over 3,380 occurrences for which gold is identified as the primary commodity. In 2015, canadian potash exports accounted for 38% of. The emily manganiferous ore deposit fact sheet on the project.
The mineral deposits of canada mdc volume is a collection of 44 papers that have a global perspective but a canadian focus, and have been grouped under five major headings. Aluminum, arsenic, asbestos, bariumbarite, and bismuth mines located in ontario. Mineral deposit article about mineral deposit by the free. Mineral deposits of canada a synthesis of major deposit types, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces and exploration methods wayne d. Mineral deposit profiles provide brief summaries of the types of mineral deposits found in british columbia. Mineral resource sciencesupporting informed decisionmaking. Pdf geological history, mineral occurrences and mineral. Prospecting for gemstones and minerals john sinkankas, 1976 rockhound and prospectors bible, l. Mineral deposit mineral deposit formation of mineral deposits. Deposit details 20 barr estimates mn cutoff % grade geology tons avg mn % avg fe % 1 upper zone 3,960,000 6. Ore deposits sedimentary deposits manganese nodules.
Such research decreases uncertainty in assessments of undiscovered mineral resources. Nikola denisova, gabriel sindol, dennis sanchez mora. The canadian arctic is logistically challenging, making it expensive to explore and develop mines. An example is the hamersley basin in the pilbara which hosts most of australias known iron ore deposits and resources. Mineral deposits of sedimentary origin occur in layers for example, deposits of coal, salts, phosphorites, aluminum and manganese. Canada has 1,414 identified mines listed in the diggings.
The sulphidemetal minerals that hotsprings deposit are generally concentrated in the cracks and faults along which the fluids rise to the surface. These summaries reflect the current understanding of mineral deposits and correspond closely to the definition of mineral deposit types in common use. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. Mineral deposits of canada a synthesis of major deposittypes, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces, and exploration methods. Crystals of serandite, natrolite, analcime, and aegirine from mont sainthilaire, quebec, canada a mineral is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound that occurs naturally in pure form.
The distribution of mineral deposits is also determined by the timing of ore forming processes. Geological association of canada, mineral deposits division c2007. Classification of mineral deposits geology for investors. Geology of canadian mineral deposit types geological. The journal mineralium deposita introduces new observations, principles, and interpretations from the field of economic geology, including nonmetallic mineral deposits, experimental and applied geochemistry, with emphasis on mineral deposits. Mineral deposits are therefore commonly clustered in geological provinces mineral provinces or mineral districts with some provinces being strongly endowed in particular mineral commodities jaireth and huston, 2010. Nicupge deposits of the sudbury basin and archean precious and base metal deposits of the abitibi greenstone belt, ontario and quebec field trip report april 29may 7 2019 memorial university of newfoundland, canada mun participants left to right. Geology of canadian mineral deposit types geological survey. Additional information can be found in a field guide to the geology of sudbury, ontario rousell and brown, 2009.
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound. Mining of coal and metallic minerals in washington began in the mid to late 1800s. Two of the deposits were studied in more detail to investigate the compositional diversity of magnetite from 1 the differentiated orebody of the ovoid at voiseys bay, canada lightfoot et al. Mineral deposits of canada a compilation 19052016 society of. Gemstones natural resources canada 2007 pdf exploration criteria for coloured gemstone deposits in the yukon. This report deals exclusively with nonfuel minerals. Geology of the giant sudbury polymetallic mining camp, ontario, canada ames et al. We are innovative, and we have robust junior mineral exploration, clean technology. One major step toward fulfilling this need is the assembly of a comprehensive group of mineral deposit models that enable any geologist to compare his or her observations with the collective knowledge and experience of a much wider group of geoscientists.
108 1189 341 192 752 1526 31 962 1323 1232 625 1687 1626 620 86 1399 1104 398 1252 416 1198 1323 1391 374 753 44 911 616 1195 237 972 726 275 897 334 745 102 1134 202 1214